What is the common treatment protocol for mammary gland tumors in dogs?

Surgery followed by chemotherapy is a common treatment protocol for mammary gland tumors in dogs due to the aggressive nature of many mammary tumors and their potential for metastasis. The surgical removal of the tumors is crucial as it not only helps to eliminate the localized disease but also allows for a thorough examination of the tumor margins, which is important for determining whether complete removal has been achieved.

After surgery, chemotherapy may be recommended especially if there are indications of aggressive tumor behavior or if the tumors have demonstrated metastasis. Chemotherapy can help address any remaining cancer cells that might not have been removed during surgery and reduces the risk of recurrence.

This combination of surgical intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy is considered a more proactive approach to managing mammary tumors, compared to other potential options like radiotherapy which may not be the primary treatment for these tumors, or watchful waiting and palliative care, which may not appropriately address the disease in its active state.